Image and Video Transmission in 5G/6G Networks: A Comprehensive Survey of Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Future Directions

Abstract

1. Abstract

The exponential growth of data traffic, predominantly driven by high-resolution image and video content, poses significant challenges to current communication networks. The advent of 5G networks has introduced groundbreaking capabilities, yet the insatiable demand for ultra-high-definition (UHD), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and holographic content necessitate looking beyond 5G towards 6G. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the key technologies enabling efficient and reliable image and video transmission in 5G and the visionary landscape of 6G. We examine the role of enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum, massive MIMO, and network slicing in 5G for media delivery. Furthermore, we explore the potential of 6G technologies, including terahertz (THz) communication, intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS), integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), and artificial intelligence (AI)-native air interface, in revolutionizing multimedia services. The paper also discusses persistent challenges such as latency, bandwidth constraints, energy efficiency, and security. Finally, we outline future research directions for achieving seamless, immersive, and semantic-aware multimedia communication in the 6G era.